If the average MP3 encoding is approximately 1 MB per second ( MBps), and the average song lasts about four minutes, then a petabyte of songs could play continuously for more than 2,000 years. This means that the memories of 800 human beings fit into 1 PB of storage. In his book, The Singularity is Near, futurist Raymond Kurzweil estimated the capacity of a human being's functional memory to be 1.25 TB. A zettabyte is equal to about 1,000 EB, or 1 billion TB. There are 1,024 TB in a PB, and about 1,024 PB equal 1 exabyte ( EB). A petabyte ( PB) is equal to two to the 50 th power of bytes. The discrepancy between base-10 and base-2 measurements became more distinct as vendors began to manufacture data storage media with more capacity.Ī terabyte ( TB) is equal to approximately 1 trillion bytes, or 1,024 GB. Computers typically use the base-2, or binary, form of measurement. This is the standard most data storage manufacturers and consumers use today. Base-10 uses the decimal system to show that 1 GB equals one to the 10 th power of bytes, or 1 billion bytes. There are two standards for measuring the number of bytes in a gigabyte: base-10 and base-2. When the prefixes are added to the term byte, it creates units of measurement ranging from 1,000 bytes (kilobyte) to 1 sextillion bytes ( zettabyte) of data storage capacity.Ī gigabyte ( GB) is equivalent to about 1 billion bytes. Zetta (1 sextillion) was added to the SI metric prefixes in 1991. However, the origin and history of peta with data measurement terms is unclear. The prefixes exa (1 quintillion) and peta (1 quadrillion) were added to the International System of Units (SI) in 1975. Tera (1 trillion) comes from the Greek word teras or teratos, meaning "marvel, monster," and has been in use since approximately 1947. Giga comes from the Greek word for giant, and the first use of the term is believed to have taken place at the 1947 conference of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Though mega is used these days to mean "extremely good, great or successful," its scientific meaning is 1 million.
The prefix kilo (1,000) first came into existence between 18. History and origin of kilo, mega and more The lowercase k is the technically correct symbol for kilo when it represents 10 3, although the uppercase K is often used. For example, 1 kilobit per second (kbps) is equal to 10 3, or 1,000 bits per second ( bps) 1 megabit per second ( Mbps) is equal to 10 6, or 1,000,000 bps. Power-of-10 multipliers are also used to define binary data speeds. In IT and data storage, multipliers are defined in powers of two, from 2 10 to 2 80, proceeding in increments of 10 orders of magnitude - 2 10 or 1,024.Įxamples of quantities or phenomena in which power-of-10 prefix multipliers apply include frequency - including computer clock speeds - physical mass, power, energy, electrical voltage and electrical current. In communications, electronics and physics, multipliers are defined in powers of 10, from 10 -24 to 10 24, proceeding in increments of three orders of magnitude - 10 3 or 1,000. Sometimes called prefix multipliers, these prefixes are also used in electronics and physics. Kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa and zetta are among the binary prefixes used to denote the quantity of something, such as a byte or bit in computing and telecommunications. I sense an impending EDIT WAR with Nancy.What is kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa, zetta and all that? Filling in that last box and staring at the grid, wondering if you've gotten everything correct, is so much less compelling than yelling with 100% certainty that hell yeah, YOUR UMAMI CAN'T DEKE ME OUT, NYT CONESTOGAWORD! However, I'd rather err (heavily) on the side of targeting a victorious, fist-pumping solve for newbs. Every one of those entries is fair game, something an NYT solver ought to at least have heard of. Shouldn't there be something for crossword zealots, too? Why not sprinkle in some DEKED PURIM UMAMI GINKGO CONESTOGA? Regular reader / sub-editor Nancy Shack wrote me a few weeks ago, wondering if I'm being too critical on "hard" vocabulary that might stymie early-week solvers. Seriously though, I've seen hundreds of various thematic progressions, and I don't remember anything quite like this. She is literally a BIG PICTURE in the comics. Not only did Evan disguise the real theme masterfully, but what a delightful progression, from DOODLE to SKETCH to DRAWING to the BIG PICTURE-Īnd don't forget. (Alex looking condescendingly at me over his glasses)īut don't you see, LOTTO is hinting at Little Lotta, who raised people's spirits worldwide with her feats of strength and … okay, maybe not. I'm buzzing in! What are WORDS THAT RELATE TO FUNNY BUSINESS, ALEX? Oh man, I was sure I nailed "Name that Theme." SNICKER.
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